The green part is the clk generating circuit and the yellow part is the rest circuit. I completed an instructable based on T flip-flop, for more details visit it. The single T flip-flop circuit diagram is given above. The transistor pin-out is given in the above figure. The rest of the flip-flops are make in the same way. The above circuit is marked by different colors for indicating different functional parts. Here in this step we only create one T flip-flop. This is the basic working for more details, visit my BLOG, link given below, But this we count the input pules up-to 15. By this the first flip flop divide the input frequency by 2 and the second by 4 and the third by 8 and the fourth by 16. So each flip flop is triggered when the previous flip flop going to a zero output value. Here all the flip-flop are +ve triggered. So it is called an asynchronous counter (counter which don't have a common clk). ![]() The each flip-flop clk is driven by the previous flip-flop complementary output. From that we get that the counter is made by cascading all the 4 flip-flops to each other. The block diagram shows the counter connections. OK.įor more details about this counter theory visit my BLOG : įirst I explain the making steps and then explain the theory behind this counter. ![]() For this function, I add some combination circuit to it. So it reset to 0000 after counting 1001 number. The BCD counter is a counter which count upto 1001(9 decimal). After this I convert it into a BCD counter. So it count from 0000 binary number to 1111 binary number. The counter is an interesting machine which count numbers. Also use some resistors, capacitors, etc. Here in this instructable I made a digital counter using discrete transistors. I made some devices in my previous instructables. So I plan to make some digital devices using discrete components. So after some research I find that these are designed from the basic electronic components. In that time I think about that how these are made. Both the JK inputs of the JK flip – flop are held at logic 1 and the clock signal continuous to change as shown in table below.Today in this digital world, we creating different types of digital circuits using ics and micro-controllers. The T flip-flop is modification of the J-K flip-flop. T flip-flop is known as toggle flip-flop. The RS flip-flop circuit may be re-joined if both inputs are 1 than also the outputs are complement of each other as shown in characteristics table below.įigure-5:Circuit diagram of J-K flip flopįigure-6:Characteristics table of J-K flip flop In a RS flip-flop the input R=S=1 leads to an indeterminate output. These input conditions can be avoided by making them complement of each other.įigure-4:Characteristics table of D flip flop In many practical applications, these input conditions are not required. ![]() From the truth table of SR flip-flop we see that the output of the SR flip-flop is in unpredictable state when the inputs are same and high. The modified clocked SR flip-flop is known as D-flip-flop and is shown below. This type of flip flop is obtained from the SR flip flop by connecting the R input through an inverter, and the S input is connected directly to data input. The RS flip flop actually has three inputs, SET, RESET and clock pulse.įigure-2:Characteristics table of R-S flip flopĪ D flip flop has a single data input. The basic NAND gate RS flip flop circuit is used to store the data and thus provides feedback from both of its outputs again back to its inputs. Flip-flops and latches are fundamental building blocks of digital electronics systems used in computers, communications, and many other types of systems. The stored data can be changed by applying varying inputs. Verify the truth table of RS, JK, T and D flip-flops using NAND & NOR gates IntroductionĪ flip flop is an electronic circuit with two stable states that can be used to store binary data.
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